EventExplorer - 2017 Catalan independence referendum - Law On The Referendum On Self-Determination

2017 Catalan independence referendum – Law On The Referendum On Self-Determination

Summary

The 2017 Catalan independence referendum and the Law on the Referendum on Self-determination were highly controversial and debated topics . The Catalan government claimed that millions would turn out for the referendum , but the Spanish government argued that it was illegal . The EU has dodged the question of Catalan independence in the past .

Metadata

Time range: Sep 01, 2017 – Oct 02, 2017
Subjects: Catalan Independence Referendum, Self-determination, International Law, Spain Government, Declaration of Independence
Locations: Catalonia, Spain, Barcelona

Timeline

Start

Sep 09, 2017

The Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia is passed.

Oct 01, 2017

The Catalan government claims that millions will turn out for the referendum, which is deemed illegal by the Spanish government.

Oct 02, 2017

The EU avoids taking a stance on the Catalan referendum, despite previous attempts by the Catalan government to gain support.

Oct 22, 2017

The Catalan government considers declaring independence, but the Spanish government maintains that any referendum on independence is illegal.

End

Top Websites

[1] Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia

Language links are at the top of the page. Search. Search

[2] Catalan Independence Referendum: History, Politics And International ...

The Catalans cannot legitimately invoke the self-determination principle to juridically justify the referendum and more broadly to push ahead toward independence.

[3] International law on self-determination: Comparing Catalan independence ...

Barcelona - Aug 17, 2017 - 06:21 EDT. Catalan regional leader Carles Puigdemont signs the manifesto authorizing the independence referendum set for October 1. Albert Garcia (EL PAÍS)

[4] (PDF) 'The Catalan Independence Referendum: An Assessment of the ...

'The Catalan Independence Referendum: An Assessment of the Process of Self-Determination' (IRAI 2017) September 2017. Publisher: IRAI. ISBN: 978-2-9817016. Authors:...

[5] Catalan government says millions will turn out for referendum

The Catalan government has laid out its plans for the referendum on independence from Spain, claiming that more than 7,200 people will staff 2,315 polling stations across the region to stage a ...

[6] The EU dodges the Catalonia question – DW – 10/02/2017

The Catalan government already organized a referendum on self-determination in 2014. Then, too, its request for support from other states in the EU went unheard. And the Spanish central government ...

[7] In what way is the Catalan referendum illegal, rather than ...

In September 2017 the committee of the Catalan parliament which determines the agenda for the parliament voted to use emergency procedures to (briefly) debate and pass a law enabling a binding referendum. This went against the advice of the parliament's lawyers that previous rulings of the Constitutional Court required the committee to prevent the law from being placed on the agenda, and that ...

[8] Catalan referendum: preliminary results show 90% in favour of ...

“Today there has not been a self-determination referendum in Catalonia. The rule of law remains in force with all its strength. We are the government of Spain and I am the head of the government ...

[9] Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia

The Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia Catalan Llei del referndum dautodeterminaci is the name of a Catalan law that governs the

[10] Catalonia weighs up declaration of independence - The Guardian

The Spanish government argues that any referendum on Catalan independence would be illegal because the country’s 1978 constitution makes no provision for a vote on self-determination.

More Websites

Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia

Language links are at the top of the page across from the title.

Catalonia: the right to self-determination and the rule of law

Since then, citizens have been called to vote again on the future of Catalonia twice: in 2014, legally called by President Artur Mas in a « participatory consultation on the future of Catalonia » and in 2017 in the referendum, considered illegal by the Spanish state, convened by President Carles Puigdemont on the first October, 2017. Self ...

Catalan independence referendum | The Daily Star

Additionally, a previous non-binding referendum, popularly known as Catalan Self-determination Referendum, held in 2014 had a maximum turnout of only 41.6% people of the Catalan government's ...

Spanish PM asks Catalonia: have you declared independence or not ...

The Spanish government argues that any referendum on Catalan independence would be illegal because the country’s 1978 constitution makes no provision for a vote on self-determination.

Catalan independence referendum illegal under Spanish constitution ...

Catalan independence referendum illegal under Spanish constitution, European Commission confirms 'This is an internal matter for Spain,' says EU's executive following calls to intervene

UNPO: Catalonia Has a Right to Self-Determination

UNPO also welcomes the Catalan Government’s right to a referendum on independence planned for 1 October 2017 and their self-determination.

Spain’s Constitutional Court strikes down Catalan referendum law

Spain’s Constitutional Court on Tuesday unanimously confirmed that the referendum law passed by the Catalan parliament on September 6 is unconstitutional, and devoid of any binding legal force. The law had already been on hold since September 7, when the court pre-emptively suspended it while it considered the case ahead of the referendum, which was ultimately held on October 1.

The referendum in Catalonia, explained | Brookings

Catalonia conducted an unofficial referendum on independence in 2014. Other votes on sovereign status, such as in Puerto Rico this spring, are advisory. The results do not take effect but are ...

Spain's top court blocks Catalan referendum law – DW – 09/07/2017

Spain's top court blocks Catalan referendum law 09/07/2017 September 7, 2017. Judges in Madrid have suspended a law passed by Catalonia's parliament which allows a public vote on independence to ...

https://news.sky.com/uk

Catalan independence referendum, 2017. The regional Government of Catalonia has set a referendum on Catalan independence for 1 October 2017. The call for referendum was announced in June 2017 and approved on 6 September 2017. The referendum's proponents intend for it to be binding, even though such referendum would be illegal in the Spanish constitutional edifice. ...

Catalans to vote again on independence? – DW – 09/07/2017

Catalans to vote again on independence? 09/07/2017 September 7, 2017. Catalan lawmakers have passed a law that paves the way for a referendum on independence from the rest of Spain.

Spain’s Constitutional Court puts another Catalan referendum law on hold

Spain’s Constitutional Court puts another Catalan referendum law on hold Spanish PM tells aides to remain cool in the face of one Spain’s biggest crises since end of Franco regime . A. Díez J.J. Mateo J. García. Barcelona / Madrid - Sep 12, 2017 - 17:24CEST. Law enforcement agencies have been instructed to seize referendum material. MARTA PEREZ (EFE) Spain’s Constitutional Court will ...

Catalan parliament passes controversial referendum law

Faced with recurring accusations of illegitimacy surrounding the referendum and its legal framework, Oriol Junqueras, leader of the pro-independence Catalan Republican Left (ERC), insisted on Wednesday that “international law protects us and there is no state law prohibiting the referendum; holding it is not illegal.”

Catalonia tourism slumps 15% since referendum violence

Last modified on Thu 7 Dec 2017 06.45 EST. Tourism to Catalonia has slumped by 15% in the two weeks since the region’s controversial referendum on independence, according to industry experts ...

The Catalan Self-Determination Referendum Act: A New Legal Order in ...

Spain's constitutional court suspended the referendum law on the 7 September 2017. The Local.es and other news sources reported on the 12 September 2017 that hundreds of thousands of Catalans rallied in Barcelona on their national day to demand their region's secession from Spain, in a show of strength three weeks ahead of the independence referendum. For many years La Diada Nacional de ...

Catalonia referendum: 90% voted for independence, say officials – as it ...

Preliminary results announced after Spanish prime minister claims ‘no referendum has been held in Catalonia today’

Catalan Independence Referendum 2017: Why It Is Important | TIME

September 25, 2017 12:08 PM EDT. Spanish authorities are racing to block Catalonia secessionists from carrying out an independence referendum currently scheduled for Oct. 1. So far, officials have ...

Spain's top court rules Catalonia's independence referendum illegal

The Catalan regional parliament passed the so-called "self-determination referendum law" in early September, and regional leaders went on to stage the October 1 referendum on whether the region ...

Spanish court blocks Catalan parliament from declaring independence ...

Despite the Spanish authorities’ attempts to stop the referendum, which the government and the constitutional court had declared illegal, 2.26 million of Catalonia’s 5.3 million registered ...

The Criminality of the Catalan Independence Referendum

The Spanish government has always opposed Catalan independence and the Constitutional Court found a previous move for Catalan independence to be unconstitutional in 2010. On 19 September 2017 the Spanish Constitutional Court declared the proposed referendum unconstitutional on the grounds that there is no legal mechanism within Spanish law to allow a region to secede.

The Catalan Self-Determination Referendum Act: A New Legal Order in ...

Later than I actually predicted, in the night of September 6, the Parliament of Catalonia, with its secessionist majority, finally passed the Self-Determination Referendum Act 19/2017. And it made no changes to the text of the draft bill I analysed in my previous post. The parliamentary debate – despite being drastically shortened as the bill ...

Catalonia referendum result poses crisis for Spain | CNN

Spanish National Police clashes with pro-referendum supporters in Barcelona Sunday, Oct. 1 2017. Catalonia's planned referendum on secession is due to be held Sunday by the pro-independence ...

Catalan Independence Referendum and the Kosovo “Precedent”

The Catalan referendum brings back memories of the Kosovo situation in 2008. Serbian President, Aleksandar Vucic, has criticized the EU for its “hypocrisy” because of the EU’s seemingly different stance vis-a-vis the recent Catalan independence vote and vis-a-vis Kosovo’s secession from Serbia in 2008. Vucic stated, after meeting with ...

Non-recognition of Catalonia’s unilateral declaration of independence ...

However, on 27 October 2017, the Catalan parliament adopted by a vote of 72 in favour, 10 against and 2 blank ballots, the “Declaration of the Representatives of Catalonia” which had been signed by pro-independence deputies on 10 October 2017. Fifty-three members of the 135-member parliament had left the chamber in protest prior to the voting because they considered the vote illegal.

Spain to deploy police to prevent Catalan independence vote

The Spanish government argues that any referendum on Catalan independence would be illegal because the country’s 1978 constitution makes no provision for a vote on self-determination.

Catalan independence referendum: what you need to know

But it is not clear what the role of Spanish law enforcement agencies will be, as thousands of officers arrived in recent days to Catalonia from all parts of Spain. Will the referendum be binding? According to the referendum laws passed by the Catalan Parliament, independence will be declared 48 hours after the official results are announced, should the “yes” vote win.

After the Catalan referendum: what happens next?

The Catalan government has said it will make a unilateral declaration of independence from Spain within 48 hours of a victory for the yes campaign. With no minimum turnout threshold for the ...

Catalonia referendum: 90% of voters back independence, Catalan ...

Preliminary results show that 90% of those who voted in Catalonia's independence referendum backed leaving Spain, Catalan officials say. Catalonia's government said that of the 2.2m voters who ...

Why the referendum on Catalan independence is illegal

Sep 26th 2017. By M.R. | MADRID. THE Catalan regional government of Carles Puigdemont is preparing to hold a unilateral referendum on seceding from Spain on October 1st, which it says will be...

2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis - Wikipedia

6 September 2017 – 1 June 2018. (8 months, 3 weeks and 5 days) Location. Spain, primarily Catalonia. (some events throughout Europe) Caused by. Government of Catalonia 's refusal to abide by the Constitutional Court 's suspension of the 2017 Catalan independence referendum. Catalan independence movement. Methods.

The Catalonia Referendum: 'It's a Constitutional Crisis'

Sunday’s referendum, which saw a turnout rate 10 points higher than a similar vote held in 2014, resulted in an overwhelming 90 percent vote in favor of Catalan independence—though turnout was ...

Catalan leader accuses Spain of violating rights in referendum row ...

Sam Jones in Barcelona. Thu 21 Sep 2017 12.51 EDT. First published on Thu 21 Sep 2017 10.36 EDT. The regional president of Catalonia has accused the Spanish government of acting “beyond the ...

Catalonia referendum: 90% voted for independence, say officials – as it ...

He says: “Today there was no referendum on self-determination in Catalonia.” The large majority of Catalonia did not want to participate in today’s referendum and they had obeyed the law, he ...

Mariano Rajoy on Catalonia: ‘There won’t be a referendum’ - POLITICO

By Diego Torres. MADRID — Mariano Rajoy on Thursday unleashed the full power of the Spanish legal system against Catalan leaders’ plans to hold a binding referendum on independence on October 1. The Spanish government went to the Constitutional Court to challenge the Catalan government’s decision on Wednesday evening to call the vote.

The Spanish Court Decision That Sparked Catalan Vote - The Atlantic

October 1, 2017. In 2010 Spain’s Constitutional Court issued a landmark ruling that inadvertently laid the ground for Sunday’s independence referendum in Catalonia. At issue was the 2006 ...

Catalonia referendum: 90% voted for independence, say officials – as it ...

Rajoy said Sunday that the rule of law had prevailed in Catalonia because an independence referendum in the region prohibited by the courts had been blocked. “Today there has not been a self ...

No Pasarán? The Politics, Law, and Morality of the Catalan Independence ...

The Catalan people as a whole almost certainly have little to no knowledge of their arcane constitutional laws, which in any case make no provision for declaring independence. The national constitution (2011 [1978]), meanwhile, pledges all Spaniards to protect and defend their country (30.1), and endows the Constitutional Court (159-65) with final authority to interpret the Spanish Constitution.

IMT statement on the Catalan independence referendum

Finally, on September 6, 2017, with the votes of the pro-independence bloc, the abstention of CSQP (the Catalan coalition between PODEMOS and United Left) and the absence of all other parties which had walked out, the Catalan Parliament passed a law to convene a referendum on independence on October 1. The Parliament took this decision in the full knowledge that this was a challenge to Spanish ...

Catalonia referendum: What just happened? | CNN

Spain is facing political turmoil this week following a contested independence referendum in the region of Catalonia, which descended into violence and left hundreds injured.

Catalonia: Spain's constitutional court declares Catalan referendum law ...

The Catalan regional parliament passed the so-called "self-determination referendum law" in early September. Regional leaders went on to stage the October 1 referendum on whether the region should ...

We need better principles on who has the right to self-determination ...

In the Catalan case, both sides have pursued confrontation. The Catalan government staged an unofficial referendum in 2014 but, with unionists boycotting it, this fell flat. They then called ‘plebiscitary elections’ to gain a mandate for independence. Pro-independence parties gained a majority of seats, but not of votes. The next step was ...

Catalonia divided as controversial poll on independence sparks conflict ...

A survey at the end of July found that 49.4% of Catalans were against independence and 41.1% supported it. When a similar referendum was held in November 2014, 80% voted Yes.

Spain is trying to block Catalonia’s independence referendum tomorrow ...

On Sept. 6, the Catalan parliament passed a Self-Determination Referendum Law that contradicts the Spanish constitution — and the Catalan government began preparing for the vote. Share this ...

Ripples from Catalan referendum could extend beyond Spain

Mon 2 Oct 2017 01.00 EDT Last modified on Thu 26 Oct 2017 15.51 EDT. The Spanish government’s attempted suppression of Catalonia’s independence referendum by brute force has raised urgent ...

Violence against Catalan voters: what we know so far

First published on Sun 1 Oct 2017 12.47 EDT. The Catalan health ministry says at least 700 people have been injured during voting, and attempts to vote, in the referendum on the region’s ...

Catalan independence vote: Live updates +++ – DW – 10/01/2017 - dw.com

10/01/2017. Catalan officials say 90 percent of voters said "yes" to independence from Spain in a referendum banned by the country's central government. The Catalan leader said the region had ...

Catalonia’s Referendum for Independence | Peace Palace Library

The Catalan government insists it is a democratic and legally binding referendum on breaking away from Spain. Polls suggest that although more than 70% of Catalonia’s 7.5 million people are in favour of holding a referendum, they are fairly evenly divided on the issue of independence. Almost 50% of the Catalans favour staying as part of Spain.

One million Catalans march for independence on region's national day ...

Up to a million Catalans have gathered in Barcelona to call for independence less than three weeks before the region is due to hold a vote on whether to break away from Spain. For the sixth ...

Elisenda Casanas Adam: The Referendum on Catalonian Independence: The ...

The ‘ Right to Decide ’ has become the term used to frame Catalonia’s claims to self-determination, and is based upon Catalonia’s status as a minority nation, and on the democratic principle contained in Art. 1 of the Constitution, which informs the interpretation of the rest of the constitutional text.

Catalan referendum: What’s behind independence push? | CNN

Catalonia is pushing ahead with an independence referendum on October 1, despite Spain’s highest court banning the vote. Here’s what you need to know.

Evidence of Internet Censorship during Catalonia's Independence Referendum

Image: Catalan Independence Referendum site seized Two days ago, Catalonia held a referendum seeking independence from Spain. As the world awaits to see what happens next, we publish this post to share evidence of recent censorship events that occurred during and leading up to the referendum. We confirm the blocking of at least 25 sites related to the Catalan referendum by means of DNS ...

Catalan Independence: What to Know About the Result | TIME

While Puigdemont has resolved he will declare independence for Catalonia within 48 hours on the back of Sunday’s vote, the official line from Madrid is that its result is meaningless. “Today ...

Catalonia Refuses to Halt Independence Referendum in Spain - The Intercept

Last Updated: 7:41 p.m. EDT. The regional government of Catalonia made it clear on Friday that it has no plans to abandon a referendum on independence from Spain scheduled for Sunday, despite the ...

THE CATALAN INDEPENDENCE REFERENDUM - Calaméo

This right is referred to in the draft Law on the Self-Determination Referendum (Llei del Referèndum d’autodeterminació) that was pre- sented to the Catalan Parliament on July 31, 2017, and which was therefore made public at the midpoint of the group’s work. This draft law provides that the Catalan people will be invited to exercise this right by choosing the path of independence. The ...

Populist International Law? The Suspended Independence and the ...

In his speech before the Catalan regional parliament on 10 October 2017, the Catalan President Carles Puigdemont suspended a declaration of independence but stated that the referendum of 1st October gave the Catalans a mandate for creating a sovereign state. This post examines whether this assertion is borne out by international law.

Catalonia’s vote on independence: It’s not independence, it’s a ...

The bill regulating the Catalan independence referendum is illegal from beginning to end. Xavier Vidal-Folch. Sep 06, 2017 - 20:14CEST. From its title down to its very last section, Catalonia’s bill for a referendum on self-determination, which the regional parliament is set to pass on Wednesday through a fast-track procedure, is illegal according to international law. A pro-independence ...

Catalonia to hold independence vote despite anger in Madrid

According to a poll at the end of July, 49.4% of Catalans are against independence while 41.1% support it. However, a poll this week found that, were the referendum to go ahead, the yes campaign ...

Catalonia, Lombardy, Scotland … why the fight for self-determination ...

The right of peoples to self-determination has been a principle in international law since Versailles and confirmed as the basis for negotiations on issues as varied as Kashmir in 1948, Vietnam in ...

The Guardian view on Catalonia’s referendum: the Spanish state has lost ...

S pain is in crisis, and its prime minister appears to be in denial. The run-up to Sunday’s referendum on independence for Catalonia made it clear that the country was in trouble. But neither ...

Catalonia Leaders Seek to Make Independence Referendum Binding

BARCELONA, Spain — The leader of Catalonia insisted on Monday that Sunday’s independence referendum, though marred by clashes and rejected by the Spanish government, had earned his region the ...

The Catalan crisis is about politics, not constitutional law – and it ...

Sunday, 1 October, will be a pivotal moment in Spanish constitutional history due to the now famous Catalan law regulating the holding of a binding self-determination referendum on the independence of Catalonia (Llei del referèndum d’autodeterminació). The law was the climax of almost ten years of Catalonia’s drift toward independence, which started with the massive 2010 Catalan autonomy ...

Catalonia and Spain: Will the referendum on independence go ahead?

The Catalan government or Govern is committed to holding a unilateral referendum on independence on 1 October, in defiance of the Spanish state. The process of independence envisaged is often referred to as ‘ruptura’ as if it involved a clean break or a ‘disconnection’, like pulling the plug of an electric cable. But to a greater degree ...

Why do some Catalans want independence and what is Spain's view?

The independence movement, led by the regional president, Carles Puigdemont, argues that Catalonia has a moral, cultural, economic and political right to self-determination. Its supporters feel ...

Javier Garcia Oliva: The Referendum on Catalonian Independence: The ...

Explaining the build-up to the current political maelstrom in Catalonia, which has followed the dramatic pro-independence referendum result on 1 st October 2017, is no easy matter. The Government of Catalonia, la Generalitat, announced the results after midnight: 2.2 millions of citizens had voted, and 90% out of the participants did so in favour of breaking away from the rest of Spain.

Catalan independence referendum: EL PAÍS, with the Estatut | Catalonia ...

A group of political leaders, led by the Catalan regional premier, after making several threats agreed that their coup in the parliament on September 6 and 7 with the approval of the laws that...

The independence conflict in Catalonia | Elcano Royal Institute

An independence referendum unilaterally organised by the Generalitat is held, despite being banned by the Constitutional Court. Approximately 33% of the electorate take part and 1.8 million vote in favour of independence. On 13 March 2017 the High Court of Catalonia disqualifies Mas for disobedience. 18 September.

How Self-Determination Shaped the Modern World | World101

This mindset contributed to China joining the Spanish government in opposing Catalonia’s 2017 independence referendum. Similarly, Russia, home to plenty of separatist movements, has insisted Kashmir is an internal Indian issue that doesn’t concern other countries. But not every self-determination movement has failed to garner support.

Catalonia is (not) Crimea. The differences and commonalities of two ...

Catalonia. The Catalan government announced that 90.09% of those who voted in the referendum favored Catalonia’s independence from Spain, representing a turnout of around 42.3% of Catalonia’s 5.34 million voters. The authorities estimated that up to 770,000 votes were seized by police in raids on polling stations, and therefore not counted.

Catalan crisis deepens after day of violence – POLITICO

October 1, 2017 4:48 pm CET. By Diego Torres. BARCELONA — The day of Catalonia’s contested referendum on independence turned into a brutal show of strength, sometimes turning violent, between the central government in Madrid and separatist leaders here in Barcelona. In the wake of a vote that was disrupted by police and marred by clashes ...

Catalonia: The Right to Secede and the Right to Self-Determination - OHRH

In organising the referendum and in declaring independence, the secessionists relied explicitly on the right of the Catalan people to self-determination under international law. In effect, the secessionists have equated the right to self-determination with the right to secede.

Populist International Law? The Suspended Independence and the ...

Referendums as a procedure to exercise the international right to self-determination. In the Catalan independence referendum of 1st October 2017, 96 % voted for independence, but with only a 42 % turnout. Such resort to a referendum has followed a meanwhile familiar pattern, well established in the post-1989 era of great territorial ...

Spanish ambassador to UK calls Catalan referendum a ‘coup d’etat’

The Spanish ambassador to the UK, Carlos Bastarreche, has claimed that Europe is watching “a slow-motion, low-cost coup d’etat” by the Catalan government. He also urged the British people to ...

Catalan referendum: muted response from EU leaders over police ...

Raül Romeva, Catalonia’s foreign minister, said on Sunday the pro-independence regional government had informed the EU of a “violation of fundamental rights that puts the very EU at risk”.

Catalonia independence declaration signed and suspended - BBC

Catalonia's centre-right, centre-left coalition government only had a majority of MPs in the regional parliament with the support of another small pro-independence party, on the far left. That ...

The Kurdistan Independence Referendum and Constitutional Self-Determination

Drawing from the Quebec secession case, Martin Scheinin recently argued in the Catalan context that it is always lawful for a group peaceably to ‘come forward with claims of peoplehood, self-determination and secession,’ and to design modalities for internal consultation, including a referendum. Presentation of that claim obligates the existing state to act in good faith, an obligation it ...

The Observer view on the crisis in Catalonia | Observer editorial

The EU has clear obligations under European and international law to safeguard the rights of EU citizens in Catalonia, which include the right to self-determination, however that is defined. The ...

The lesson from Catalonia: We need better principles on who has the ...

Michael Keating writes that the Catalan crisis has emerged from a series of missed opportunities, a lack of dialogue between the two sides, and a disappearing centre ground. He argues that the time may have come for some better European and international principles on who has the right to self-determination and how.

How Spain Misunderstood the Catalan Independence Movement

The actions of the Spanish government reveal a deep misunderstanding about the psychology of the independence movement. Authorities are attempting to wear down the movement by denying a vote. Our ...

On Legal Aspects of the Independence Referendum of Iraqi Kurdistan

I am quite convinced to conclude that the independence referendum held in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq on 25 September 2017 is legally groundless, both in terms of the Constitution of Iraq and international law. It may not be taken as a legally valid procedural element on the probably planned path of the KRG for secession. Even if the results are non-binding, it may not be referred as a ...

CrimethInc. : Democracy, Red in Tooth and Claw : On the Catalan ...

On October 1, during a referendum on Catalan independence, Spanish police attacked crowds of voters, smashed out the windows of schools hosting polling stations, and beat senior citizens at random. In response, a massive general strike took place in Barcelona on October 3. You can read eyewitness reports and analysis of these events

CrimethInc. : Anarchists on the Catalan Referendum : Three Perspectives ...

On Sunday, October 1, the Catalan government held a referendum about Catalan independence from Spain in flagrant defiance of the Spanish government. Massive open clashes between Catalan voters and Spanish police took place throughout the region. A general strike is called for October 3 as a showdown looms between rival politicians and, perhaps, rival states. This situation poses complex ...

Opinion divided by the Catalan referendum | Letters

Opinion divided by the Catalan referendum. Readers respond after Sunday’s referendum descended into violence. Letters. Mon 2 Oct 2017 14.12 EDT. Last modified on Wed 18 Dec 2019 10.19 EST. One ...

Catalonia's Self-Defeating Declaration of Independence

And whereas Rajoy has framed the independence issue as being about “the rule of law and the Spanish constitution, Puigdemont has dubbed Catalonia’s quest for independence one of democratic ...

As Spain represses Catalonia’s show of independence, the rest of Europe ...

Catalonian President Carles Puigdemont said on Monday that Catalan “citizens have earned the right to [be] an independent state”. Puigdemont sees the 90% referendum win as a self-evident claim ...

Anarchists on the Catalan Referendum | The Anarchist Library

Anarchists on the Catalan Referendum. First Perspective: An Overview. Second Perspective: Mixed Feelings. Third Perspective: Some Analysis. On Sunday, October 1, the Catalan government held a referendum about Catalan independence from Spain in flagrant defiance of the Spanish government. Massive open clashes between Catalan voters and Spanish ...

An Iraqi Kurdish Independence Referendum | OHRH

On 15 September 2017, the Iraqi Kurdish parliament voted to hold an independence referendum in Iraq’s autonomous Kurdistan region, and today, that referendum is taking place. Western and regional powers ― including Baghdad, Turkey, Iran, United States and the EU― have expressed their opposition to the referendum because they believe that the referendum would detract from the fight ...