EventExplorer - 2017 Catalan independence referendum

2017 Catalan independence referendum – Operation Anubis

Summary

The 2017 Catalan independence referendum was a controversial event that took place on October 1, 2017 . It involved the independence movement and a push for self-determination in Catalonia . The Spanish government's handling of the situation, particularly the arrest of high-ranking officials and the Operation Anubis crackdown, was met with criticism and sparked protests . The referendum results did not reach the required 50% vote for independence . The Parliament of Brittany expressed support for the Catalan people and their right to self-determination . Artist Riiko Sakkinen referenced the event in his work and compared it to Herman Melville's "Moby Dick" .

Metadata

Time range: Oct 01, 2017 – Oct 10, 2017
Subjects: Catalan independence referendum, Operation Anubis, Violent crackdown, Self-determination, Oppression, Democracy, Referendum
Locations: Catalonia, Catalunya, Barcelona, Brittany

Timeline

Start

Sep 22, 2017

Wikipedia page for Operation Anubis is created, with language links added at the top of the page.

Sep 25, 2017

Artist Riiko Sakkinen references Operation Anubis in his blog post, comparing it to Moby Dick.

Sep 29, 2017

Catalonia's president Carles Puigdemont calls for a referendum on independence, approved by Catalan MPs in July.

Oct 03, 2017

The independence referendum takes place, with the independence movement not reaching a majority of votes.

Oct 04, 2017

Catalan police leader is investigated for sedition in connection to the violent protests against Operation Anubis.

Oct 10, 2017

The Parliament of Brittany expresses support for the Catalan people and criticizes the Spanish government's handling of the situation, particularly Operation Anubis.

End

Top Websites

[1] Talk:Operation Anubis - Wikipedia

Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Donate; Pages for logged out editors learn more

[2] Catalan police leader under investigation for sedition by High Court ...

Some 40,000 people protested and staged riots that day against Operation Anubis, where 14 people, including a number of high-ranking officials of the Catalan regional government were arrested...

[3] Referéndum Catalunya 2017: El independentismo, en númerus clausus

Conocido es que, sobre el total de votos emitidos, el independentismo no alcanzó el 50% de los votos en las últimas elecciones "plebiscitarias", pues se quedó en el 47,8%. En cambio, las ...

[4] Operation Anubis - Turkcewiki.org

Languages. Language links are at the top of the page.

[5] Operation Anubis - Turkcewiki.org

Language links are at the top of the page across from the title.

[6] At it happened: Catalan independence 'on hold' - BBC

Catalonia's president asks parliament to suspend the effect of the independence referendum to enable talks to achieve it.

[7] Explained: Catalan controversy as independence referendum looms

Catalonia’s president Carles Puigdemont called the referendum in June during a solemn ceremony at the Catalan government’s Barcelona headquarters. Then, in late July, Catalan MPs approved...

[8] UNPO: Catalonia: Brittany Expresses Support for the Independence of ...

Recalling their own oppression by France, Brittany is concerned on how the Spanish Government has handled the situation, especially the Operation Anubis, which was carried out on 1 October 2017. In light of the violent crackdown, Brittany criticised the Spanish governments’ understanding of democracy in regards to self-determination.

[9] UNPO: Catalonia: Brittany Expresses Support for the Independence of ...

In a recent statement [6 October 2017], the Parliament of Brittany has voiced their support for the Catalan people in the wake of the recent referendum held in Catalonia. Recalling their own oppression by France, Brittany is concerned on how the Spanish Government has handled the situation, especially the Operation Anubis, which was carried out on 1 October 2017. In light of the violent ...

[10] Riiko Sakkinen - RS Blog, 25 September, Pepino MOBY DICK... - Facebook

RS Blog, 25 September, Pepino MOBY DICK DADA PSYCHOPOMPS 25 September 2017, Pepino It is not down in any map; true places never are. Herman Melville, Moby Dick Operation Anubis is the law...

More Websites

¿Qué pasa con la independencia de Cataluña? - El País

El País. Barcelona - 15 sept 2017 - 18:49CEST. El actual pulso de los independentistas catalanes comenzó en 2010. Cuatro años antes los catalanes habían aprobado en referéndum una ley ...

Catalan government says millions will turn out for referendum

The Catalan government has laid out its plans for the referendum on independence from Spain, claiming that more than 7,200 people will staff 2,315 polling stations across the region to stage a ...

Catalonia kicks off banned referendum campaign – DW – 09/14/2017

Catalonia kicks off banned referendum campaign 09/14/2017 September 14, 2017. Catalan separatists have officially launched their campaign for an independence referendum.

Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia

Language links are at the top of the page. Search. Search

Catalonia’s independence: How did it happen? A timeline of key events ...

June 2017. The Catalan government calls an independence referendum for October 2017. 7 September 2017. The Spanish constitutional court suspends a referendum law introduced by the Catalan regional ...

Catalan Independence Referendum 2017: What It Means for Travelers

As Catalan President Carles Puigdemont prepares to declare independence on Monday, October 9, based on a purported 90 percent approval vote, the Spanish government will no doubt reiterate its ...

Catalonia independence referendum: All you need to know

The Spanish region of Catalonia is set to hold a referendum on independence on October 1. The single question facing voters, “Do you want Catalonia to become an independent state in the form of ...

Catalan leader Carles Puigdemont has fled the country amid rebellion ...

The operation comes amid mounting tensions as Catalan leaders press ahead with preparations for an independence referendum on October 1 despite Madrid's ban and a court ruling deeming it illegal ...

Catalonia Referendum Results Are In After Day of Violence - The Intercept

Catalonia's independence referendum concluded Sunday amid deep uncertainty about everything from the integrity of the vote to the meaning of the result. Robert Mackey October 1 2017, 5:44 p.m.

Catalonia referendum: Who are the Catalans? - Al Jazeera

READ MORE: Catalonia independence referendum: All you need to know. Salvador Dali, Antoni Gaudi, Joan Miro, Ferran Adria and Pep Guardiola are among the most famous Spanish Catalans. A defined ...

Catalonia declares independence from Spain - Al Jazeera

27 Oct 2017. Barcelona – The parliament of Catalonia has voted to declare independence from Spain. Seventy legislators voted in favour, 10 voted against, while two cast blank ballots.

Catalonia independence referendum: Final results show 90% backed ...

Catalonia independence referendum: Final results show 90% backed secession from Spain. Official results are similar to preliminary results announced in the wake of the poll

Catalonia secession: The “Jordis” are not political prisoners – here’s ...

A protest in Barcelona calling for Sànchez and Cuixart to be released. Marta Pérez (EFE) They are accused of directing and spurring on crowds to stage street protests on September 20 and 21 in a bid – that ultimately failed – to stop Operation Anubis, a raid against the organizers of the illegal independence referendum of October 1. ...

Catalan independence referendum: Region votes overwhelmingly for ...

Even before the figures were made public, Catalan premier Carles Puigdemont had already hinted strongly at a potential unilateral declaration of independence when he promised the results of the ...

The referendum in Catalonia, explained | Brookings

Catalonia conducted an unofficial referendum on independence in 2014. Other votes on sovereign status, such as in Puerto Rico this spring, are advisory. The results do not take effect but are ...

Catalan leader calls for mediation with Spain over independence

A spokesman for the Catalan government said 2.26 million Catalans – 43% of the region’s 5.3 million eligible voters – had taken part in the referendum, which was staged in defiance of the ...

Catalan referendum: 'Hundreds hurt' as police try to stop voters

Catalan emergency officials say 761 people have been injured as police used force to try to block voting in Catalonia's independence referendum. The Spanish government had pledged to stop a poll ...

Spain's top court blocks Catalan referendum law – DW – 09/07/2017

Spain's top court blocks Catalan referendum law 09/07/2017 September 7, 2017. Judges in Madrid have suspended a law passed by Catalonia's parliament which allows a public vote on independence to ...

Catalan independence referendum illegal under Spanish constitution ...

Catalan officials said 90 per cent of voters had chosen to leave Spain, but Madrid disregarded the result after declaring the referendum illegal and repeatedly vetoing independence.

Catalan Independence Referendum 2017: Why It Is Important | TIME

September 25, 2017 12:08 PM EDT. Spanish authorities are racing to block Catalonia secessionists from carrying out an independence referendum currently scheduled for Oct. 1. So far, officials have ...

Spanish court blocks Catalan parliament from declaring independence ...

Despite the Spanish authorities’ attempts to stop the referendum, which the government and the constitutional court had declared illegal, 2.26 million of Catalonia’s 5.3 million registered ...

Catalonia referendum: 90% voted for independence, say officials – as it ...

Summary. 2 Oct 2017. 90% voted for independence - Catalan officials. 1 Oct 2017. Evening summary. 1 Oct 2017. Catalonia has 'earned right to statehood' 1 Oct 2017. No referendum has been...

Catalonia referendum: 90% voted for independence, say officials – as it ...

Summary. 1 Oct 2017. 90% voted for independence - Catalan officials. 1 Oct 2017. Evening summary. 1 Oct 2017. Catalonia has 'earned right to statehood' 1 Oct 2017. No referendum has been...

Catalonia tourism slumps 15% since referendum violence

Last modified on Thu 7 Dec 2017 06.45 EST. Tourism to Catalonia has slumped by 15% in the two weeks since the region’s controversial referendum on independence, according to industry experts ...

Catalonia referendum: Spain's King Felipe VI slams 'irresponsible ...

Catalonia referendum: Spain's King Felipe VI slams 'irresponsible behaviour' of leaders as clashes continue . Posted Tue 3 Oct 2017 at 9:03pm Tuesday 3 Oct 2017 at 9:03pm Tue 3 Oct 2017 at 9:03pm ...

Catalan referendum 'paves way' for independence – DW – 10/02/2017

Catalan referendum 'paves way' for independence 10/02/2017 October 2, 2017. Catalonia's leader has said voters have "gained the right" to an independent state following a referendum rejected by ...

Catalonia referendum: What just happened? | CNN

More than 2.25 million people turned out to Sunday’s referendum across Catalonia, a region in the northeast of Spain. The regional government said 90% of voters were in favor of a split from ...

Why do some Catalans want independence and what is Spain's view?

Polls show 70% of Catalans want to be able to vote in a referendum but they are more evenly divided when it comes to independence. A survey two months ago showed 49.4% of Catalans were against ...

Catalan referendum: Region's independence 'in matter of days' - BBC

4 October 2017. Carles Puigdemont spoke to the BBC on Tuesday evening. Catalonia will declare independence from Spain in a matter of days, the leader of the autonomous region has told the BBC. In ...

Catalonia referendum: Spain steps up raids to halt vote - BBC

Do Catalans want independence? Some 7.5 million people live in Spain's well-off north-eastern region and a majority are thought to be in favour of having a vote.

Hidden ballot boxes, encrypted texts: How Catalans staged their ... - CNN

It was all part of a coordinated crackdown on Catalonia’s disputed independence referendum – banned by Spain’s highest court, but held in defiance of Madrid by Catalonia’s passionate...

Catalonia referendum: 90% voted for independence, say officials – as it ...

Preliminary results announced after Spanish prime minister claims ‘no referendum has been held in Catalonia today’

Catalonia riven with tension as referendum day arrives

Last modified on Mon 4 Dec 2017 09.47 EST. Catalonia was tense this weekend ahead of an independence referendum that has divided Spain. At the final rally, the Catalan president, Carles Puigdemont ...

Spain's top court rules Catalonia's independence referendum illegal

Spain's top court officially rules that Catalonia's disputed independence referendum was illegal because a regional law that backed it was against the country's constitution.

The Spanish Court Decision That Sparked Catalan Vote - The Atlantic

October 1, 2017. In 2010 Spain’s Constitutional Court issued a landmark ruling that inadvertently laid the ground for Sunday’s independence referendum in Catalonia.

Catalan referendum: Region's independence 'in matter of days' - BBC

Catalonia will declare independence from Spain in a matter of days, the leader of the autonomous region has told the BBC.

Law on the Referendum on Self-determination of Catalonia

Language links are at the top of the page across from the title.

Catalan referendum: Catalonia has 'won right to statehood' - BBC

Catalan leader Carles Puigdemont says the Spanish region has won the right to statehood following a contentious referendum that was marred by violence. He said the door was open to a unilateral ...

Catalan referendum: preliminary results show 90% in favour of ...

Catalan officials have claimed that preliminary results of its referendum have shown 90% in favour of independence in the vote vehemently opposed by Spain.

2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis - Turkcewiki.org

Caused by: Government of Catalonia's refusal to abide by the Constitutional Court's suspension of the 2017 Catalan independence referendum. Catalan independence movement. Methods:

Catalonia referendum: 90% of voters back independence, Catalan ...

Preliminary results show that 90% of those who voted in Catalonia's independence referendum backed leaving Spain, Catalan officials say. Catalonia's government said that of the 2.2m voters who ...

2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis - Wikipedia

On 27 October, the Catalan parliament voted in a secret ballot to unilaterally declare independence from Spain, with most deputies of the opposition boycotting a vote considered illegal for violating the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Spain, as the lawyers of the Parliament of Catalonia warned.

Catalan independence vote: Live updates +++ – DW – 10/01/2017 - dw.com

10/01/2017. Catalan officials say 90 percent of voters said "yes" to independence from Spain in a referendum banned by the country's central government. The Catalan leader said the region had ...

After the Catalan referendum: what happens next?

The Catalan government has said it will make a unilateral declaration of independence from Spain within 48 hours of a victory for the yes campaign. With no minimum turnout threshold for the ...

Violence against Catalan voters: what we know so far

The referendum on Catalonia’s independence, held despite a ban by Madrid, has been marred by violence involving police Violence at Catalan referendum – latest updates Sun 1 Oct 2017 17.17 EDT ...

Spain’s Constitutional Court strikes down Catalan referendum law

Barcelona / Madrid - Oct 17, 2017 - 17:44CEST. The Spanish Constitutional Court in Madrid. Víctor Sainz. Spain’s Constitutional Court on Tuesday unanimously confirmed that the referendum law...

Catalan referendum: What’s behind independence push? | CNN

Catalonia is pushing ahead with an independence referendum on October 1, despite Spain’s highest court banning the vote. Here’s what you need to know.

Spain Sets Stage to Take Control of Catalonia in Independence Fight

Oct. 19, 2017. BARCELONA, Spain — The standoff over Catalonia intensified significantly on Thursday as the Spanish government said it would take emergency measures to halt a secessionist drive ...

Catalonia Government Declares Overwhelming Vote for Independence

BARCELONA, Spain — The Catalan government said on Friday that the official results of last Sunday’s independence referendum showed it had passed overwhelmingly, setting up a potential showdown ...

2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis - Wikipedia - Al-Quds University

Caused by: Government of Catalonia's refusal to abide by the Constitutional Court's suspension of the 2017 Catalan independence referendum. Catalan independence movement. Methods:

Spain’s Reaction to Referendum Feeds Catalan Fire for Independence

October 1 witnessed scenes of brutality on the streets of Barcelona as Spanish police tried to stop people from voting in a referendum on Catalan independence called by the Catalan autonomous government, graphically demonstrating the inability of Spain’s political actors to find a political solution to Catalan demands for either great autonomy or independence.

Checkmate: The Political and Economic Consequences of Catalonia's ...

There have also been economic drivers for the surge in pro-independence movements over the past decade. Notably, the region is currently the most profitable area of Spain; in 2015, Catalonia contributed 20.1 percent to Spain’s overall GDP valued at EUR 215.36 billion and 25.6 percent to Spain’s total exports valued at EUR 65.2 billion.

What you need to know about the Catalan independence referendum

People display Catalonia independence flags during a gathering, Sept. 22, 2017, to protest the judicial and police operation against the planned October 1 independence referendum in Catalonia, Spain.

Catalonia referendum result poses crisis for Spain | CNN

Spanish National Police clashes with pro-referendum supporters in Barcelona Sunday, Oct. 1 2017. Catalonia's planned referendum on secession is due to be held Sunday by the pro-independence ...

Referendum w Katalonii w 2017 roku – Wikipedia, wolna encyklopedia

Referendum w Katalonii w 2017 roku (także w formie „1-O”) – przeprowadzone 1 października 2017 roku, nieuznawane przez rząd Hiszpanii referendum, dotyczące niepodległości Katalonii. Głosowanie zostało zarządzone przez kataloński rząd 9 czerwca 2017 [6] [7] , zaś niezbędną akceptację Parlamentu Katalonii w kontrowersyjnych okolicznościach uzyskało 6 września 2017 [8] .

Why the referendum on Catalan independence is illegal

Sep 26th 2017. By M.R. | MADRID. THE Catalan regional government of Carles Puigdemont is preparing to hold a unilateral referendum on seceding from Spain on October 1st, which it says will be ...

Catalonia’s independence referendum: how the ... - The Conversation

Small town power. Spain has consistently refused to recognise the wide demand for a referendum to decide the issue of Catalan independence. That meant that the 2015 elections in Catalonia became ...

Chart: Catalan Referendum: 90% Back Independence | Statista

Oct 2, 2017. Following a contentious referendum marred by violence, Catalan officials have said that 90 percent of those who voted on Sunday favor independence from Spain. Catalan leader Carles ...

Catalans to vote again on independence? – DW – 09/07/2017

Catalonia's regional government staged a symbolic independence referendum in 2014. More than 80 percent of participants voted to split from Spain, although only 2.3 million of Catalonia's 5.4 ...

Catalonia crisis: Spain jails eight sacked Catalan ministers

The region held an independence referendum on 1 October that was declared illegal under Spain's constitution. The Catalan parliament went on to declare independence, leading the Spanish state to ...

Catalan referendum: muted response from EU leaders over police ...

Raül Romeva, Catalonia’s foreign minister, said on Sunday the pro-independence regional government had informed the EU of a “violation of fundamental rights that puts the very EU at risk”.

Catalans strike over violent crackdown on independence referendum

Catalonia's leader said 90 percent of voters backed independence from Spain, but the central government has vowed to stop the wealthy northeastern region -- which accounts for a fifth of Spain's ...

Catalans Who Did Not Vote (More Than Half) Ask: What Now?

Oct. 3, 2017. BARCELONA — A tide of emotion has washed over Catalonia in the past few days, over those who demand separation from Spain and those who oppose it. Graffiti has appeared overnight ...

Catalan referendum: As it happened – POLITICO

October 1, 2017 11:04 am CET. By POLITICO. The Catalan regional government went ahead and held an independence referendum on Sunday without the consent of Spain’s courts or its government. In recent weeks, the Spanish government has mobilized federal police forces to confiscate election material, block people from voting and arrest Catalan ...

Updated! Catalonia Referendum Results Maps: How Did Each Region Vote?

Updated! This article's maps and text have been updated with final results released by the Catalan government. See below for more details. We also now have an article with detailed results maps broken down by municipality. This map report is part of our Referendum 2017 coverage, spotlighting controversial independence votes in two of the world's autonomous regions: Kurdistan voted for ...

European reaction to Catalonia referendum – DW – 10/02/2017

The European Commission has spoken out about Catalonia's violence-marred independence referendum. Though 90 percent voted for secession, turnout was low amid clashes with police ordered to prevent ...

Catalonia Leaders Seek to Make Independence Referendum Binding

BARCELONA, Spain — The leader of Catalonia insisted on Monday that Sunday’s independence referendum, though marred by clashes and rejected by the Spanish government, had earned his region the ...

Catalonia to hold independence vote despite anger in Madrid

According to a poll at the end of July, 49.4% of Catalans are against independence while 41.1% support it. However, a poll this week found that, were the referendum to go ahead, the yes campaign ...

Catalonia: Spain's constitutional court declares Catalan referendum law ...

The judge ruled they were orchestrators of massive demonstrations on September 20 to 21 in Barcelona that hindered a police operation against preparations for the October 1 independence referendum. AP

Catalan president denounces ‘coordinated aggression’ after Barcelona ...

September 20, 2017 11:46 am CET. By Saim Saeed. Catalonia’s president, Carles Puigdemont, on Wednesday criticized “coordinated aggression” by the Spanish authorities “with the aim of impeding Catalans to freely and peacefully exercise democracy on October 1.”. Puigdemont released a statement after the Spanish Civil Guard arrested 12 ...

Catalonia’s Independence Referendum, in Photographs

Catalonia, the restive northeastern region that is Spain’s economic powerhouse, attempted to hold an independence referendum on Sunday. The central government in Madrid, with the support of ...

Catalan Independence Referendum Turns Violent : NPR

Things turned violent after voters clashed with police. DAVID GREENE, HOST: An independence movement in Catalonia escalated over the weekend. The region tried to hold a referendum on independence ...

Catalonia responds to police violence: 'people are angry, very angry ...

Tue 3 Oct 2017 14.30 EDT Last modified on Mon 27 Nov 2017 11.00 EST. Share. Like much of Catalonia, the Hotel Vila in Calella was shuttered on Tuesday morning, its rooms empty, its doors locked ...

Catalonia’s Referendum for Independence | Peace Palace Library

Catalonia. September 6, 2017, the Catalan parliament approved referendum legislation after a heated, 11-hour session that sees 52 opposition MPs walk out of the chamber in Barcelona in protest at the move. Spain’s constitutional court suspends the legislation the following day, but the Catalan government vows to press ahead with the vote.

The independence conflict in Catalonia | Elcano Royal Institute

An independence referendum unilaterally organised by the Generalitat is held, despite being banned by the Constitutional Court. Approximately 33% of the electorate take part and 1.8 million vote in favour of independence. On 13 March 2017 the High Court of Catalonia disqualifies Mas for disobedience. 18 September.

How the world reacted to Catalan independence declaration

October 27, 2017 7:59 pm CET. By Saim Saeed. World leaders reacted swiftly to the Catalan parliament’s vote on Friday to declare independence from Spain. Major Western nations made clear they did not recognize Catalonia as an independent country but some also encouraged Madrid to pursue dialogue with Catalan leaders and warned against taking ...

Catalan campaigners hand out a million referendum ballots

Catalan campaigners hand out a million referendum ballots. Thousands gather across Catalonia to show support for 1 October independence vote that Madrid has vowed to stop. Sam Jones in Madrid. Sun ...

Catalan referendum: Clashes with police leave nearly 900 injured, says ...

Oriol Junqueras, the Catalan Vice President, said Catalonia had “won its right to be a new Republic, if this is what the Parliament decides”, with the local government counting more than 2 ...

Catalonia referendum: 90% voted for independence, say officials – as it ...

More than 40 unions and associations in Catalonia have called a region-wide strike for Tuesday, after a major police crackdown on a banned independence referendum.. In a statement on Sunday, UGT ...

Catalan crisis deepens after day of violence – POLITICO

October 1, 2017 4:48 pm CET. By Diego Torres. BARCELONA — The day of Catalonia’s contested referendum on independence turned into a brutal show of strength, sometimes turning violent, between the central government in Madrid and separatist leaders here in Barcelona. In the wake of a vote that was disrupted by police and marred by clashes ...

Catalonia referendum: 90% voted for independence, say officials – as it ...

Evening summary. 1 Oct 2017. Catalonia has 'earned right to statehood' 1 Oct 2017. No referendum has been held in Catalonia today, says Spanish prime minister. 1 Oct 2017. 761 injured in...

Spain: government apologises for policing of Catalan referendum

Many Catalans who oppose independence boycotted the poll for fear of lending it legitimacy. According to the Catalan government, 90% of participants voted for independence , 7.8% voted against and ...

Catalonia is (not) Crimea. The differences and commonalities of two ...

Catalonia. The Catalan government announced that 90.09% of those who voted in the referendum favored Catalonia’s independence from Spain, representing a turnout of around 42.3% of Catalonia’s 5.34 million voters. The authorities estimated that up to 770,000 votes were seized by police in raids on polling stations, and therefore not counted.

Catalan independence: How the independence referendum has split the ...

The Catalan regional police, the Mossos d’Esquadra, are a force divided after events in recent weeks that culminated in their role in Sunday’s illegal independence referendum in Catalonia, where they have been accused of failing to carry out their orders and prevent people casting their ballots in a vote declared illegal by Madrid and banned by Spain’s Constitutional Court.

2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis - atozwiki.com

Kingdom of SpainThe CrownExecutiveGovernmentCortes GeneralesSenateJudiciarySupreme CourtNational CourtAttorney GeneralHigh Court of Justice of

In Catalonia, a Declaration of Independence From Spain (Sort of)

BARCELONA, Spain — The Catalan secession crisis took a confusing new turn on Tuesday night, after the leader of Catalonia made a perplexing speech in which he appeared to declare independence ...

Crisis in Catalonia: The Independence Vote and Its Fallout

By Raphael Minder. Sept. 26, 2017. BARCELONA, Spain — Separatist lawmakers declared Catalonia’s independence from Spain on Oct. 27, prompting the central government of Prime Minister Mariano ...